The pain in the joints not only complicates life, but, as a rule, indicates dangerous inflammatory and destructive processes that gradually limit movements and whether the treatment or its absence is not in irreversible deformation and disabilities.
Arthosis is the second largest cause of disability after cardiovascular diseases.At the same time, arthritis and arthrosis are very often affected by the still working population, that is, people become disabled - or are forced to constantly overcome the pain to earn a living.
So why do joint pains occur and what are the methods available for the Russians today, who will not only temporarily lighten pain, but will eliminate inflammation and stop the destruction of the joint?
Arthritis and arthrosis - differences
Arthritis and arthrosis have similar names, since both of these diseases influence the joints.Differ in the nature of changes in the joints.
TOarthritisThe pain is associated with the inflammation of the joint tissue.In this disease, a synovial shell suffers, in which blood and lymphatic vessels are concentrated, nerve endings.Consequently, this affects both the diet and the production of joint lubrication (synovial fluid), which nourishes the cartilage.
Arthritis can developAt any ageincluding children and teenagers (youth arthritis).In addition, the disease can be influencedAlmost all joints, including the small (arthritis of the fingers) and you can also observe damage to the multiple articulation -polyartrosis.
Long arthritis existing leads to osteoarthritis, since the articulation, in particular, the cartilage tissue suffers from the lack of feed for a long time, which derives from the synovial fluid.It is important not to "extinguish" inflammatory reactions with anti -inflammatory drugs, that is to sayFight the cause of inflammation, for example, with the help of the loan.
TOarthrosisFirst of all, observedDestruction of the cartilage, covering the bone surface (and with a neglected process - and the bone tissue itself).The cartilage ceases to cope with the load that appears to him on him, and begins to collapse faster than he can recover.The cartilage tissue is softened, the normal scrolling of the joint surfaces is disturbed, all the movements are accompanied by pain.
Arthrosis appears more oftenAfter 40 years.The injury of large joints, such as knees (gonartrosis) and hip joints (coksartrosis), is more common and is the cause of disability and disability.Less common occurs osteoarthritis of the fingers, arthrosis of the thumb, Temporo -Mandibular joint, damage to the shoulder, joint of the elbow, etc.
Symptoms and signs
Symptoms of arthritis:
- Sinovite, i.e. swelling, increased sensitivity or node when it touches, limiting the mobility of the joint;
- Acute and painful pain, both in movement and at rest;
- The morning rigidity, due to the fact that the edema develops in the joint time in the joint time.It takes 40-60 minutes after the start of the movement.
With arthritis, general characteristics of the inflammation can also be observed: fever, chills, sweating, general weakness.It can be manifested by headaches, weight loss.Symptoms of the disease are also observed, which caused inflammation: damage to the heart with rheumatoid arthritis, lungs and other organs with tuberculosis, etc.
Symptoms of arthrosis:
- The pain that occurs in daytime physical effort and not at rest.For example, knee pain and hip joint when walking, run, squats, climbing the stairs, etc.So when it moves, the pain disappears (initial pain).There is severe knee pain and creaking during the experiment.
- Initial pains "in the short term after rest periods associated with the fact that the articular surfaces on which the debris were established (the result of the destruction of cartilage and bone tissue) rub each other.15-20 minutes after the start of the movement, the pain passes, while the debrite is expelled.
- The continuous stupid pains are more often at the beginning of the night due to venous stagnation.
Arthosis is often accompanied by inflammatory reactions.Respectively, pain and swelling are observed, as in arthritis, and the disease itself is calledArthroso-arthritis.
With prolonged arthrosis, there is often a limitation of mobility due to degenerative changes in the muscles, tendons (the so -called contractures), occurJoint deformation.Therefore, the disease is often calleddeform arthrosisORdeform osteoarthritis.
Phase and degree of osteoarthritis
There are several phases of osteoarthritis, which, normally, are recognized by radiological images:
- The osteoarthritis of the 1st degree: the changes of bone and cartilage are weakly expressed, as a rule, when the computerized tomography are conducted.Pain and swelling occur after moderate physical activity.The swelling of the joint passes after rest.
- The osteoarthritis of the 2nd degree: the cartilage tissue begins to collapse, the outcrops of the bone tissue (osteophytes) appear along the edges of the joint, the joint gap is narrowed, which leads to constant pain.Swelling and pain become constant.
- Osteoarthritis osteoarthritis 3-4 degrees-estensive cartilage is observed, as well as deprived of the protection of the bone tissue.There is constant swelling, the work of ligaments, muscle function, which leads to joint deformation, is observed.The axial load in the joint is broken: deformation "or" or "x" in the joints.
Which doctor to contact?
If there are suspicions of arthritis or arthrosis, it is necessary to consult a doctor for the correct diagnosis.In a regular clinic, this problem is addressed to a traumatologist rheumatologist or orthopedist, less often to the surgeon.In large diagnostic centers, you can reach an appointment with an arthrologist.This is a specialist who is directly engaged in joint diseases.
Causes of arthritis and arthrosis
The main causes of arthritis:
- Rheumatoid(Sometimes they say rheumatic autoimmune disease), when the body's protective immune cells for some unknown reasons begin to kill their body cells, taking them as foreign (Rheumatoid arthritis).The nature of this disease is not completely clear.The disease affects women more often (3-5 times, according to various sources).The youth rheumatoid arthritis (youth idiopathic arthritis) - a form for children that occurs in children and adolescents under the age of 16 are also located.
- Infectious diseases, in which the symptoms of arthritis are observed, for example tuberculosis, brucellosis, borreliosis based on ticks, etc.
- Non -infectious disease(psoriasis, lupus systemic erythematosus, etc.)
- Metabolic disorders, for example, Gotta.
The main causes of arthrosis:
- Injury- The most common reason.
- Congenital dysplasia(violation of the joint surfaces of the bones) of the joint (for example, dysplastic coksartrosis).In this case, the joints are excessively mobile, an increase in the load falls on them and wear is faster.
- Long existing arthritis(Rheumatoid arthritis, joint tuberculosis, etc.).The violations of the metabolism in the synovial fluid lead to insufficient cartilage nutrition, slowing down the processes of renewal of dead cells and causes its destruction.
- Excessive physical activity, in particular, if engaged in professional sports or monotonous production operations.Note that the arthrosis of the joints of the hands occurs in the seamstresses, in the workers who use a jammer - elbows and shoulder joints.In other words, first of all, the cartilage that has a maximum load for a long time suffers.
- Hormonal disorders.In women, this is often associated with menopause.
Regardless of what was a specific cause of arthritis or arthrosis, the main problem is the violation of the balance between the processes of destruction and restoration in the joint tissues.
On cellular level, this means that in the joint:
- accumulatesDamaged excess cells and deaththat the body does not have time to remove;
- There are no quite new functional cells, which should replace the dead cells and guarantee the correct functioning of the joint.
The difference in body reactions with arthritis and arthrosis is explained by the difference in the tissues of the affected joints.
With arthritis, damaged cells prevail in the synovial membrane and synovial fluid, and the inflammation process is launched there.Edema is a body reaction necessary to combat damaged excess cells in soft tissues.
With arthrosis, damaged cells prevail in the cartilage tissue, in which another protection mechanism works: replace the damaged functional cells with connective tissue (scars), which is not able to perform amortization functions and does not have the ownership of elasticity, elasticity.
An excess of damaged cells can occur at a time due to injuries, hypothermia, etc.In other cases, the accumulation of dead cells, a decrease in the functionality of the joint tissue occurs gradually due to daily loads (for example, when playing sports, heavy or monotonous of physical work), compromised on top of the metro, metabolizing and other processes.In this regard, it is of great importance in the treatment of arthritis and arthrosis of risk factors.
Risk factors
All risk factors for arthritis or arthrosis are associated with situations in which cell death processes in the articulation begin to prevail over the recovery processes:
- Hypodynamia.A sedentary lifestyle leads to a small microvibration of muscle fibers, the development of stagnant processes in the tissues, insufficient lymphatic flow and capillary blood flow and, consequently, leads to an increase in damage and premature death of healthy joint cells of the joint.
- Overweight.The excess of body weight increases the load on the support joints: hip and knee.In addition, the layer of fat complicates the flow to the blood joints, which is why the cartilage nutrition is disturbed.Note that women more than weight suffer from knee arthrosis 4 times more often than their slender peers.It is believed that a decrease in body weight for 1 kg reduces the load when walking for each knee or hip of the hip of 4 kg.
- Spinal diseases(osteochondrosis, intervertebral hernia).In the spinal column there is a spinal cord through which the nerve impulses pass to the muscles.If the passage of the impulses is broken, the muscles do not work harmoniously and insufficiently amortized the blow when they jump, lowering the stairs, running and walking.Consequently, even with natural daily loads of the joints, the joints of the joints are damaged and die more often.
- Elderly.The body's resources are gradually exhausted.The tower of fabrics takes place everywhere, even in the joints, at different speeds, depending on the action of harmful factors and genetic predispositions.
Non -infectious infections and diseases in most cases are just a "trigger".Arthritis occurs, as a rule, in the presence of the aforementioned risk factors.Those.Inflammation occurs against the background of existing problems: insufficient blood flow, lymphatic flow, stagnation in the joints.Healthy cells, as a rule, effectively protect against infections and other "attacks".Therefore, it is important to treat not only the underlying disease that gave rise to arthritis, but also the joints themselves.
On the basis of this general understanding, the principles of the effective treatment of the joints follow.
Principles of effective joint treatment
The more and stronger the destruction processes prevail over the recovery process, the moment of irreversible changes faster.In this regard, it is important as soon as possible to move the balance in the direction of recovery.
This is necessary:
- Clean fabricsFrom an excess of damaged cells formed due to lesions, infection, autoimmune disorders (rheumatoid, etc.).This is necessaryStrengthen the lymphatic flow.
- Improve the flow of bloodjoint fabrics, which will bring naturallyImprove cell nutrition.Consequently, the premature death process of the cells will stop, the recovery of the cartilage is stimulated, the synovial membrane, the normalization of the composition of the synovial fluid.
- Restores the innervationfabrics.The compromised conductivity of the nervous paths from the spinal cord to the joint can sometimes be the main cause of the development of the disease.
- MaximumReduce the loadOn the joints concerned in the first manifestations of the disease, to prevent further cellular death premature.Do not wear heels, if possible to reduce weight, do not raise weights, walk and go carefully, often alternate physical activity with complete peace during the day, etc.This is a range of measures that, as a rule, involves a serious change in the street of the lifestyle years.
Consider various types of treatment from the point of view of the first three of the previous principles of effectiveness.
Drug therapy (drug)
In case of inflammationThe following drugs are used:
- Anti -ignor drugs of Hetepoidene (NSAIDs).The main mechanism of action of these drugs is slowing down the inflammatory process and eliminating pain.The tissues cleaning from dead cells do not occur.The patient's condition relieves, but do not slow down the progression of the process [3].These drugs are practically takenfor life, if there is no intolerance for them.In this case, the side effects often manifest themselves: they negatively affect the condition of the mucous membrane of the stomach and intestine and their prolonged useIrrate of the development of gastritis, ulcers, ulcerative bleeding.Some fans negatively influence cartilage, thus causing the development of osteoarthritis [4].
- Hormonal drugs, which are usually introduced directly into the joint in the form of injection.They are used only according to the rigid indications of the doctor and in extreme cases with severe pain, which is not eliminated by fans.Hormonal drugs suppress immunity and consequently the process of eliminating dead cells from the joints suffers.As a result of the treatment, the intensity of the inflammation decreases, a person feels relief.There are side effects: the production of proper hormones is reduced, metabolic processes, etc., can be violated.When the joint is introduced into the articulation cavity, the effects of the side effects on the body is also observed, in general, when the tablets are also taken.The cause of the disease is not eliminated.
- Cytostatic- a group of anticancer drugs that violate the mechanisms of growth, development and divisionAll cellsbody.In the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, they reduce the amount of antibodies that kill their body cells.However, the processes of the formation of other cells are also violated, including hematopoiesis.The cleaning of the fabrics does not occur.
Therefore, anti -inflammatory drug therapy is aimed only at removing the symptoms of the disease, but not to the purification or nutrition of joint tissues.The drugs slow down only, "freeze" the protective inflammatory process launched by the body.
The temporary elimination of pain is also dangerous because the patient ceases to "save" the painful leg.And this aggravates the damage to cartilage and bones.Therefore, the disease inevitably returns and the pain increases only due to the occurrence of additional damage during the imaginary "break".And soon the only method is only the articulation prostheses.
Joint prostheses(Replacement of artificial joint) - A complex, expensive and surgical intervention, in which serious postoperative complications are possible (infection, deep vein thrombosis, inflammation of the nerves, etc.).A prosthesis is an artificial device that can replace the function of a certain organ.If the prosthesis is located inside the human body, it is called endoprotesis.The endoprothetic of the joint is an operation to replace the components of the articulation with plants, which have an anatomical shape of a healthy articulation and allow the entire volume of movements.After these operations, the patient forgets pain in the joints and returns to active life.The Center leads operations on the endoprothetic of large joints (knee, hip, shoulder, elbow) and small (finger joints).When an infection is united, osteomyelitis can develop, which requires removal of the prosthesis and areas affected by the bones.The functionality of the prosthesis is lower than that of the real articulation.During falls and negligent movements, dislocations are possible, fractures of fragments of the artificial joint, which requires a second operation.High risk of becoming a wheelchair disabled.
In order to restore the cartilage, the composition of the synovial fluid are used, the following drugs:
- Condroprotectors.They are assigned to restore joint cartilage.These drugs (mainly on food supplements) are widely used.However, numerous studies showLack of effect even compared to placebo!
- Hyaluronic acid- An important component of the cartilage.It is an important structural component of the cartilage matrix, it protects it from wear.The drug based on it can be administered in the joint in the form of injections only after eliminating the inflammatory process.The cost of an injection depends on the concentration of the drug and the manufacturer, a course involves different injections.The introduction of this acid temporarily protects the articulation from further damage.HoweverA drug artificially introduced does not stimulate the production of its acidTherefore, the courses must be constantly repeated to maintain the effect.
In addition to pharmacological treatment, there are further methods:
- laser therapy;
- Cyotherapy (cold treatment);
- heating;
- magnetotherapy;
- electromystimulation;
- sounds (ultrasound);
- Treatment with drugs containing gold, etc.
However, the effectiveness of these methods in terms of healing from arthritis and arthrosis under a great question [5], since theydo not guarantee the elimination of the main reasonDiseases: Violations of balance between destruction and restoration of the joint tissue.
A new understanding of the benefits of physiotherapy exercises (exercise therapy)
Medical exercises, aerobic training, swimming - an effective means of preventing and taking care of arthrosis.They aim to restore the mobility of the joint and increase blood flow in this area and consequently can stimulate cleaning and restoration of the joint tissue.
During physical exercises, workThe muscles create the energy of biological micro -moral*which is necessary for transport and metabolic processes at the cellular level.Lymphatic and blood vessels are not suitable for every body of the body, for each micro-post.The cells do not have their own vehicles, therefore, to move and contact each other, they must "shake them", which is guaranteed by the contractile activity of muscle fibers, that is, to muscle work.
The muscles create the energy of micrivibration constantly (even during sleep), only the power differs.The absence of microvibration indicates the death of a person.The level of microvibration, sufficient for the nutrition and cleaning of all the tissues, including the joints, is aloneWith physical muscle tension.
This is why exercise therapy in the treatment of osteoarthritis is recommended and has a healing effect.
Unfortunately,Medical physical education has serious restrictions:
- Operating therapy can only be carried out after removing the inflammation during remission;
- The exercises are not recommended for severe pain;
- People in old age have an entire bouquet of diseases or a serious joint degradation that no longer allows exercise;
- Peoplewith a big weightThey can only be done by a limited amount of physical exercises (in a liar position, seated) to restore the joints of the hip and knee, since when walking and similar loads, the joints experience overload and continue to collapse;
- The exercise therapy will be effective in regular frequent classes, when the classes alternate with rest periods for the joint.As a rule, people are forced to go to work, have a series of family responsibilities that do not allow them to completely devote themselves (for a long time) only training therapy with rest periods.
- Operating therapy can be ineffective if arthrosis was a consequence of physical overload and dystrophic changes in the tissues in the joint.Muscle cells are already exhausted and the additional load can lead to their death.
- Operating therapy does not solve the problem of restoring the conductivity of the nerve paths, that is, in the presence of diseases of the LFK column, it will be ineffective, since the nerve impulses will reach the joint area badly.
Therefore, operating therapy is an effective treatment for arthrosis (but not arthritis) at the not too old age with a successful phase of the disease in the absence of other aggravating diseases.
Cleaning and restoration of the joint tissue by means
However, there is a way out of the situation!The energy of biological micro -bib can be obtained from outside using Vibro -Acoustic therapy (Fonazione).
The source consists in the transmission of the micro-survration of the sound (frequency interval 30-20,000 Hz) in the body of a person or an animal using a special compact medical device.These sound micro -morals are natural for the body: in their physical characteristics, they are similar to those biological micro -moralations that create muscle tissue at maximum static physical stress.
Therefore, the phone call, applicable at home, is this direct alternative to physical exercises.At the same time, the effect of this therapy is higher, since it is an external "clean" resource in relation to the body and does not require its muscle costs.The energy of the microvibration is direct tip, towards the area of the articulation concerned, at a depth of 10 cm.Due to the external source, the muscle tissue depleted during the period of hypodynamia, physical overload, stress, hypothermia, restores their contractile activity and therefore the necessary level of micrivibration (microdista).
Despite its ease of exposure, the phone call has numerous therapeutic effects:
- It improves the lymphatic flow in the field of exposure and, consequently, helps to clean the tissues and the early completion of the inflammatory process.ThisA unique propertyThe physiotherapy method, which is inaccessible to drug therapy.At the moment, no drug can directly influence the lymphatic flow.
- Improves blood flow and, consequently, the nutrition of each cell;
- promotes joint lubrication;
- contribute to the exit from the storage of stem cells - the ancestors of all functional cells of the body, including joint tissue cells;
- It improves the conductivity of nerve paths with prolonged effects on the problematic area of the spine.
In this case, the phone call does not have a side effect, but has a long effect.
The effectiveness of the phone call (Vibro -Acoustic therapy) in the treatment of the joints has been demonstrated by numerous studies.
The proven effectiveness scientifically in the treatment of arthritis and arthrosis reaches 70-90% depending on the study.